Priming device for starting engines



Oct. 1 8, 194-9. Q w, WEAVER 2,485,423

PRIMING' DEVICE FOR STARTING ENGINES Fi1e c 1 July 10, 1947 PatentedOct. 18, 1949 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFlCE.

2,485,423 'PRIMING DEVICE FOR STARTING ENGINES William Arthur Weaver,Coventry, England Application July 10, 1947, Serial No. 760,072 In GreatBritain January 29, 1940 to inject a mixture which will serve boththese.

purposes. In the case of compression-ignition engines, the invention mayoperate further to coat the interior Walls of the combustion spaceand/or the air cell and Venturi passage with an oily heat-insulatingliquid, to minimise the dissipation of heat through those walls duringthe initial compression strokes.

According to this invention, a starting device for an internalcombustion engine comprises an open-topped holder for a measuredquantity of the liquid to be injected, an outlet from such holderterminating in a jet or nozzle which projects forwardly from the holder,a manually-operable piston fitting the holder to squirt the liquidthrough the jet or nozzle, screw means for closing the holder at thesaid jet or nozzle, and means to mount the device exteriorly on anengine or other support so that the projecting jet or nozzle is directedas required within the interior of the engine combustion space. In use,the engine will be provided with an aperture to receive the improvedstarting device, and thedevice will screw into that aperture for itsposition on the engine.

The invention is capable of modification within the limits of the abovedefinition. For instance, where the amount of liquid to be squirted onis not large, the piston and the means for closing the jet may be.combined in a single member, whereas in other cases a separate pistonmay be employed.

Instead of the body of the device being mounted directly on the engine,the device may be mounted elsewhere in the immediate locality and beconnected with the jet or nozzle by suitable tubing. In such case, anon-return valve or other closure device will be provided at the nozzleend of the tubing to avoid loss of pressure and reduce the risk of.-leakage; V

Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 Patent expires January 29,1960 '7 Claims. (Cl. 123-1815) For multi-cylinder engines, a group ofthe devices may be mounted together for co-ordinate operation, eachbeing in communicationwith the jet or nozzle in its respective cylinder.

In convenient practical forms of the invention the device consists of abody part formed for screwing into a threaded aperture, a nozzle formedin the forwardly-projecting engine-ward Y end or the body part, ascrewed plunger in the body part for opening and closing the nozzle, an

open-ended receiver for the liquid to be injected, rotatable around thebody part, means for looking the receiver in set angular positions onthe.

body part, the body part having passages formed in it to establishcommunication between the receiver and the nozzle, and a piston forapplying pressure to the liquid to force it through the nozzle (whenopen). The piston may in some forms, be adapted toco-operate with thereceiver, or may in some other forms co-operatewith one of the passagesin the body-part, in which last connection it maybe carried by the saidscrewed plug,

the plug having initial sliding movement for the injection of the liquidby the piston, and a flnal screwing movement to close the nozzle. Thepositive closing of the nozzle prevents leakage backwards through thedevice from the combustion spaces.

In the accompanying drawing two embodiments of the invention areillustrated:

Fig. '1 is a; longitudinal sectional elevation of one embodiment of theinvention, with the parts in the normal position such asthey wouldoccupy during running of the engine;

Fig; 2 is a like view to Fig. 1 but showing the mediately prior to theinjection operation;

Figs. 3 and 4 are views corresponding to Figs. 1 and 2 but showinganother embodiment of the invention, and having some parts broken owingto limitations of space on the sheet.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 the improved device comprises a body part I,screwed exteriorly at 2 and 3, having an enlargement 4 shaped to receivea. spanner for screwing purposes, and having a machined outer surface 5.The body part is adapted to be screwed into an internallythreadedhousing in the engine body (not shown) by means of the screwed portion2, and is provided I with apacking washer 6 to-bed against the-bottom ofthat housing. The smaller end of the body part I is fitted with a liningI and constitutes a nozzle, being directed against the inner walls ofthe combustion space or air cell, as desired, when the body part I isscrewed into position on the engine.

The main length of the body part I is formed with an internal recess orhousing, internally screwed at the outer end, into which recess screws aplug 8 having an enlarged head 9 to Iorm a finger grip, having anannular recessed part I0, having a flat side at II forming alongitudinal passage between the plug and the wall of the recess, andhaving a coned end I2 adapted to close the nozzle as a screw-down valveby entrance into and engagement with the seating member I3 at the bottomof the housing.

Encircling the body part I, around the machined portion 5, is a banjofitting I4 adapted to be locked in set angular positions with respect tothe body part I'by means of the lock nut I5 which screws onto the part 3of the body part, suitable packing washers being provided as shown. Thebanjo fitting M is shaped at its outer end to form a receiver or chamberI6 for the liquid,

and such chamber receives a piston I I slidably therein. At the bottomof the receiver is a through hole I8 leading to a cavity around the bodypart, and further openings I9 in the body part give access from thereceiver I6 to the said longitudinal passage between the plug 8 and theinner wall of the housing. The piston I1 is connected to the receiver I6by a short length of chain 20 to prevent its loss.

In use, the liquid to be injected is first poured into the receiver, thepiston having been removed, as shown in Fig. 2, the piston is replaced,and the screwed plug 8 is then screwed back to open the nozzle. Therecessed portion In of the plug 8 ensures communication between theports l9 and the longitudinal passage in all rotary positions of theplug. The piston I1 is now pressed down to force the liquid through theopenings I8 and I9 along the longitudinal passage, through the orificein the seating I3, and out through the nozzle. After the injection, thescrewed plug 8 is screwed home to close the nozzle by re-entering theseating I3.

Referring now to Figs. 3 and 4, there is a substantially similararrangement, except that instead of there being a free piston, the plug8 is made to serve as a piston also. In this case the screwed plunger 8is of smaller diameter, and is formed at the nozzle end with anenlargement 2| to serve as a piston in the inner bore of the body partI. The body part I in this case has only one exteriorly-screwed part,which serves both to receive the locking nut I5, and to mount the deviceon the engine. In this embodiment after the unscrewing of the plunger 8,it is necessary to draw the plunger back as shown in Fig. 4 to allow theliquid from the receiver I6 to enter the body part I, after which thepiston is returned and after having passed the opening I9 exerts apressure on the liquid to force it through the nozzle. The plunger 8 isthen screwed home to re-close the nozzle.

In either of the arrangements shown, any suitable means may be providedfor locking the screwed plunger 8 in the closed position to preventtampering by unauthorised persons.

It will be seen that, in either case, if and when the body part I isscrewed home in the engine, the receiver I6 is not in a verticalposition, it may be brought to the vertical position by slackening "4the nut I5 and rotating it bodily about the body part I, after which thenut I5 is re-tightened.

In a modified form, the body of the fitting may have an external threadand the gland nut may be provided with an internal thread, thus enablingthe valve spindle to remain parallel and so tending to cheapenmanufacture.

The screwed plunger 8 may be graduated so as to indicate the degree ofopening of the nozzle, and the receiver I6 may be calibrated to indicatethe volume of liquid in it. The container will be of a size to suit theparticular engine to which it is attached.

One or more charges may be injected, as required by local conditionspandthe engine then started in the usual way.

What I claim is:

1. A priming device for starting an engine comprising in combination abody part for screwing into a threaded aperture, a projecting nozzleformed on the engine-ward end of the body part, a screwed plunger in thebody part for opening and closing the nozzle, an open-ended receiver fora liquid to be injected into the combustion space or air cell of aninternal combustion engine, the receiver being rotatable around the bodypart, means for locking the receiver in set angular positions on thebody part, passages formed in said body part to establish communicationbetween the receiver and the nozzle, and a piston for applying pressureto the liquid to force it through the nozzle when open.

2. A priming device according to claim 1, wherein the piston and theplunger for closing the jet or nozzle are combined in a single member.

3. A priming device according to claim 1 wherein the piston co-operateswith the receiver as a cylinder.

4. A priming device according to claim 1 wherein the piston co-operateswith a housing within the body part as a cylinder.

5. A priming device for starting an engine, comprising in combination atubular body part, inlet and outlet ports therein, the outlet port beingin a projecting end of the body part so as to communicate with thecombustion space or air cell in an internal combustion engine, a fluidreceiver mounted around the body part and communicating with the inletport, and a combined piston and needle valve slidable in the body part,closing the inlet part by its initial inward sliding movement, forcing aliquid through the outlet port by its further sliding movement, andclosing the outlet port by a final screwing movement to bind the needlevalve on the outlet port.

6. A priming device according to claim 1, wherein the screwed plunger isformed with a flat side and with an annular recess, to establishcommunication between the said passages in the body part and the nozzle,the piston co-operating with the open-ended receiver as a cylinder.

7. A priming device for starting an engine comprising in combination atubular body part, a valve seating formed around the outlet port, afluid receiver mounted around the body part, an elongated memberslidable in the body part, the said elongated member being formed as aneedle valve in its front portion, and as a piston in its intermediateportion and having a screw thread at its rear portion, an inlet fromsaid fluid receiver to the body part provided in an intermediate portionof the body part, an outlet provided in a forward portion of the bodypart, a screw thread provided at a rear portion of the body part, thesaid screw thread cooperating with said screw thread of said elongatedmember whereby REFERENCES CITED h p port may be closed by mmal InwardThe following references are of record in the sliding movement of theelongated member and me of this patent.

whereby a liquid may be forced through the outlet port and into thecombustion chamber or air 5 UNITED STATES PATENTS cell of an internalcombustion engine by further Number Name Date sliding movement of theelongated member and 165,800 Davis et a1 July 20, 1375 whereby theoutlet port may be closed and the 1,495,315 Ban May 27, 1924 needlevalve may be locked on the valve seating 1,639,582 Viet 16, 1927 byfinal screwing movement of the elongated 10 FOREIGN PATENTS WILLIAMARTHUR WEAVER. Number Country Date 5,246 Great Britain 1908 member.

